Body systems
Body systems
The systems of the human body permit us to perform vital functions. Our bodies consist of a number of biological systems with specific functions necessary every day. There are different systems in the human body that help keep us functioning. The systems of the body include: the digestive, the circulatory, the excretory, the respiratory, the reproductive, etc.
Let's start with the digestive system.
Human beings need energy to live and function. We eat food to obtain energy. When we eat, our bodies digest the food and produce energy. Digestion is the process by which food substances are changed into nutritional substances necessary for our bodies.
The digestive system consists of organs that allow (=permit) the body to absorb food and convert it into energy and basic nutrients, and remove waste. The digestive system includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus. The liver and pancreas also play a role in the digestive system because they produce digestive juices.
Six major functions take place in the digestive system: ingestion, secretion, mixing and movement, digestion, absorption, and excretion.
Digestion is important for obtaining nutrients, which the body uses for energy, growth, and cell repair. The nutrients are then converted into carbohydrates, protein, fats, and vitamins.
3. Stomach: similar to a bag. The stomach secretes gastric juice, receives food from the
oesophagus and mixes it with this gastric juice.
4. Intestine: a long tube. It is composed of two parts:
-Small intestine: it is about seven meters long. The small intestine absorbs the
nutritional substances.
-Large intestine: it is about one meter and a half (1,5 m) long. It takes the bad
substances from our body.
5. Anus: it is at the end of the large intestine. Faeces are eliminated through the anus.
What is the most important system? What is the most interesting for you?
The digestive system
Human beings need energy to live and function. We eat food to obtain energy. When we eat, our bodies digest the food and produce energy. Digestion is the process by which food substances are changed into nutritional substances necessary for our bodies.
The digestive system consists of organs that allow (=permit) the body to absorb food and convert it into energy and basic nutrients, and remove waste. The digestive system includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus. The liver and pancreas also play a role in the digestive system because they produce digestive juices.
Six major functions take place in the digestive system: ingestion, secretion, mixing and movement, digestion, absorption, and excretion.
Why is digestion so important?
Digestion is important for obtaining nutrients, which the body uses for energy, growth, and cell repair. The nutrients are then converted into carbohydrates, protein, fats, and vitamins.
Food ---> Nutrients ---> Carbohydrates, protein, fats, vitamins } ENERGY
Organs of the digestive system
The digestive system consists of different organs. Some of the most important organs include:
1. Mouth: food enters our body through our mouth.
2. Oesophagus: a long tube between our mouth and the stomach.3. Stomach: similar to a bag. The stomach secretes gastric juice, receives food from the
oesophagus and mixes it with this gastric juice.
4. Intestine: a long tube. It is composed of two parts:
-Small intestine: it is about seven meters long. The small intestine absorbs the
nutritional substances.
-Large intestine: it is about one meter and a half (1,5 m) long. It takes the bad
substances from our body.
5. Anus: it is at the end of the large intestine. Faeces are eliminated through the anus.
Process of digestion
1. First, digestion starts in the mouth. Our teeth cut and chew the food. Our tongue
mixes the food with saliva.
2. Second, the food goes down the oesophagus and into the stomach.
3. Third, in the stomach, the food is mixed with a liquid (gastric juice).
4. Fourth, in the small intestine, the food is divided into necessary nutritional
substances.
5. Fifth, the unnecessary food goes into the large intestine and is transformed
into faeces and expelled through the anus.
Do you love technology?
Visit and check the digestion process and learn about the different organs of the digestive system!
Are you interested in being a doctor or a nurse?
If you like to explore the human anatomy, interact with the digestive system in 2D and 3D. You can even rotate and zoom the organs of the digestive system!
Activities
1. Label (=Etiquetar) the vocabulary related to the parts of the digestive system:
rectum, pancreas, liver, large intestine, small intestine, mouth, esophagus, stomach.
2. Find the words related to the digestive system organs and the digestion process: bile,
digestive, enzymes, esophagus, food, intestine, liver, poop, rectum, saliva, stomach,
teeth.
Note: You can download and print this digestive system word search (=sopa de letras) from How the body works, by Kids Health.
3. Match with a line the organs of the digestive system to their functions.
Note: You can download and print this digestive system image from Our digestive system.
4. Make (=Hacer) a mock-up, miniature or small model of a digestive system, including its
most important organs with their respective labels. You can use a variety of
materials, depending on the functionality: plasticine, recyclable/recycled material,
cardboard, balloons, etc. Exploit your creativity! You can take a look at the following
examples: Digestive system made with recycled materials, or
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